Battle of Berlin in World War II

The Battle of Berlin was a sustained and ultimately successful attack on the German city by the Allied forces of the Soviet Union from April 16 to May 2, 1945, during World War II. Armies Commanders Allies: Soviet Union Marshal Georgy ZhukovMarshal Konstantin RokossovskyMarshal Ivan KonevGen. Vasily Chuikov2.5 million men Axis: Germany Gen. Gotthard HeinriciGen. Kurt von TippelskirchField Marshal Ferdinand Schà ¶rnerLt. Gen. Hellmuth ReymannGen. Helmuth WeidlingMaj. Gen. Erich Bà ¤renfà ¤nger766,750 men Background Having driven across Poland and into Germany, Soviet forces began planning for an offensive against Berlin. Though supported by American and British aircraft, the campaign would be entirely conducted by the Red Army on the ground. American Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower saw no reason to sustain losses for an objective that would ultimately fall into the Soviet occupation zone after the war. And Soviet leader Joseph Stalin may have been rushed to beat the rest of the Allies to Berlin so he could obtain German nuclear secrets, some historians believe. For the offensive, the Red Army massed Marshal Georgy Zhukovs 1st Belorussian Front to the east of Berlin with Marshal Konstantin Rokossovkys 2nd Belorussian Front to the north and Marshal Ivan Konevs 1st Ukrainian Front to the south. Opposing the Soviets was Gen. Gotthard Heinricis Army Group Vistula supported by Army Group Centre to the south. One of Germanys premier defensive generals, Heinrici elected not to defend along the Oder River and instead heavily fortified the Seelow Heights east of Berlin. This position was supported by successive lines of defenses extending back to the city as well as by inundating the Oders floodplain by opening reservoirs. Defense of the capital proper was tasked to Lt. Gen. Helmuth Reymann. Though their forces looked strong on paper, Heinrici and Reymanns divisions were badly depleted. The Attack Begins Moving forward on April 16, Zhukovs men assaulted the Seelow Heights. In one of the last major pitched battles of World War II in Europe, the Soviets captured the position after four days of fighting but sustained over 30,000 killed. To the south, Konevs command captured Forst and broke into open country south of Berlin. While part of Konevs forces swung north toward Berlin, another pressed west to unite with advancing American troops. These breakthroughs saw Soviet troops nearly envelop the German 9th Army. Pushing westward, the 1st Belorussian Front approached Berlin from the east and northeast. On April 21, its artillery began shelling the city. Encircling the City As Zhukov drove on the city, the 1st Ukrainian Front continued to make gains to the south. Driving back the northern part of the Army Group Center, Konev compelled that command to retreat toward Czechoslovakia. Pushing forward north of Juterbog on April 21, his troops passed south of Berlin. Both of these advances were supported by Rokossovsky to the north who was advancing against the northern part of Army Group Vistula. In Berlin, German leader Adolf Hitler began to despair and concluded that the war was lost. In an effort to rescue the situation, the 12th Army was ordered east on April 22 in the hope it could unite with the 9th Army. The Germans then intended for the combined force to aid in defending the city. The next day, Konevs front completed the encirclement of the 9th Army while also engaging the lead elements of the 12th. Unhappy with Reymanns performance, Hitler replaced him with Gen. Helmuth Weidling. On April 24, elements of Zhukov and Konevs fronts met west of Berlin completing the encirclement of the city. Consolidating this position, they began probing the citys defenses. While Rokossovsky continued to advance in the north, part of Konevs front met the American 1st Army at Torgau on April 25. Outside the City With Army Group Centre disengaging, Konev faced two separate German forces in the form of the 9th Army which was trapped around Halbe and the 12th Army which was attempting to break into Berlin. As the battle progressed, the 9th Army attempted to break out and was partially successful with around 25,000 men reaching the 12th Armys lines. On April 28/29, Heinrici was to be replaced by Gen. Kurt Student.  Until Student could arrive (he never did), command was given to Gen. Kurt von Tippelskirch. Attacking northeast, Gen. Walther Wencks 12th Army had some success before being halted 20 miles from the city at Lake Schwielow. Unable to advance and coming under attack, Wenck retreated toward the Elbe and U.S. forces. The Final Battle Within Berlin, Weidling possessed around 45,000 fighters composed of Wehrmacht, SS, Hitler Youth, and Volkssturm militia. The Volkssturm was made up of males aged 16 to 60 who were not previously signed up for military service. It was formed in the waning years of the war. Not only were the Germans vastly outnumbered, but they also were outmatched by training with many of their forces. Initial Soviet assaults on Berlin began on April 23, a day before the city was encircled. Striking from the southeast, they met heavy resistance but reached the Berlin S-Bahn railway near Teltow Canal by the following evening. On April 26, Lt. Gen. Vasily Chuikovs 8th Guards Army advanced from the south and attacked Tempelhof Airport. By the next day, Soviet forces were pushing into the city along multiple lines from the south, southeast, and north. Early on April 29, Soviet troops crossed Moltke Bridge and began attacks on the Interior Ministry. These were slowed by a lack of artillery support. After capturing Gestapo headquarters later that day, the Soviets pressed on to the Reichstag. Assaulting the iconic building the next day, they succeeded infamously hoisting a flag over it after hours of brutal fighting. A further two days were needed to completely clear the Germans from the building. Meeting with Hitler early on April 30, Weidling informed him that the defenders would soon run out of ammunition. Seeing no other option, Hitler authorized Weidling to attempt a breakout. Unwilling to leave the city and with the Soviets nearing, Hitler and Eva Braun, who were married on April 29, remained in the Fà ¼hrerbunker and then committed suicide later in the day. With Hitlers death, Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz became president while Joseph Goebbels, who was in Berlin, became chancellor. On May 1, the citys remaining 10,000 defenders were forced into a shrinking area in the city center. Though Gen. Hans Krebs, Chief of the General Staff, opened surrender talks with Chuikov, he was prevented from coming to terms by Goebbels who wished to continue the fight. This ceased to be an issue later in the day when Goebbels committed suicide. Though the way was clear to surrender, Krebs elected to wait until the following morning so that a breakout could be attempted that night. Moving forward, the Germans sought to escape along three different routes. Only those who passed through the Tiergarten had success penetrating the Soviet lines, though few successfully reached American lines. Early on May 2, Soviet forces captured the Reich Chancellery. At 6 a.m., Weidling surrendered with his staff. Taken to Chuikov, he promptly ordered all remaining German forces in Berlin to surrender. Battle of Berlin Aftermath The Battle of Berlin effectively ended fighting on the Eastern Front and in Europe as a whole. With Hitlers death and complete military defeat, Germany unconditionally surrendered on May 7. Taking possession of Berlin, the Soviets worked to restore services and distribute food to the citys inhabitants. These efforts at humanitarian aid were somewhat marred by some Soviet units that plundered the city and assaulted the populace. In the fighting for Berlin, the Soviets lost 81,116 killed/missing and 280,251 wounded. German casualties are a matter of debate with early Soviet estimates being as high as 458,080 killed and 479,298 captured. Civilian losses may have been as high as 125,000.

The Key to Successful Creative Essay Topics

The Key to Successful Creative Essay Topics So How About Creative Essay Topics? It's possible to order any sort of paper written by a professional writer on the internet platform and push your skills to be a strong writer yourself. Writing a good creative essay demands a great deal of skill, talent, and diligence. The biggest issue with writing a creative essay is that it's not a completely free writing exercise in which you discuss whatever comes to your mind. Polish your bit of writing to ensure it is perfect. Ask anyone who's into grammar great to look at your paper too. Academic papers cannot contain any signals of plagiarism. If you discover that the writer did not provide just what you expected, request a revision, and we'll make the corrections. No writer can write an ideal draft at the same time. Facts, Fiction and Creative Essay Topics Good creative essays give students an opportunity to express their opinion in a secure atmosphere. Think of the experience tha t you wish to write about. My focus is the way to earn money for a college student from home fast. There are a great deal of stressed out college students out there that are looking for. Things You Won't Like About Creative Essay Topics and Things You Will The most important idea can become your title too. So it's necessary to know that you're employing the appropriate words to deliver the message. Moreover, writing such papers can help you understand and sometimes resolve your feelings. A metaphor is a sort of analogy, therefore the similarities with creative writing are strong here. The History of Creative Essay Topics Refuted As soon as it is great in the event the topic gestates out of your own head, it's always alright to have a peek at a number of the sample thoughts and topics. After you have chosen the subject, make sure you have sufficient original ideas about the subject. You can't begin working before you decide on your topic. Selecting a topic is a vital issu e that partly estimates final success of the job. Any less is too weak and the thesis will be not able to stand alone. Naturally, you can select any topic, nobody could possibly know that you're describing experience that you never actually had, but don't forget that it is always simpler to tell the truth than to invent lies. Thus, there's no preview about the goal of your study. Today, you can request professional aid and hire a specialist who's ready to enhance your draft, offer you higher excellent essay edit service, or even finish your creative essay for your benefit. For creative writing essays, you must find something more than merely a huge interest in your topic. Writing and essay prompts are a good learning tool that will help you concentrate on a specific subject or topic and practice writing on such topic utilizing good sentence structure and development. In fact, your capability to compose a well-structured article is something which gains more weight in conditions of evaluation. What is Actually Happening with Creative Essay Topics College application essay topics are a vital portion of an entertaining and compelling bit of writing. There are different procedures to enhance your essay. There are other methods to improve essays. Therefore, you can choose whether to construct your essay's paragraphs around a story or pick some other writing platform that gives you the ability to expand on your creativity. Write an expository essay in which you explain the use of the 3 distinct narrators and their various stories. Use helpful strategies and hints on how best to compose a creative essay to earn your stories interesting and earn high grades. One of the very first lessons that each and every student has learned is the best way to compose a creative essay. If you're looking for college essay examples, here's a great one below. Creative writing essays are all about a distinctive genre that differs from other academic papers and demands a distinctive set of important skills to be successful. If you don't think that you have sufficient ideas about how to proceed with the essay, it's sensible to drop the topic straight out. Categories, essay topics could possibly be divided into. Thanks to the correct option of presentation style and a thorough understanding of the goals you need to attain in your essay, there are many categories essay themes may be broken into. When you are attempting to write an intriguing essay, you will have to make sure find a creative topic to write about. Describe in a few of words what you're going to do in your paper. If you really need to compose a great creative essay that's going to impress others, then you have to be sure you're following the correct actions. From time to time, it's helpful to try to remember an event which happens regularly like a birthday party. For example, you could discuss a day at your favourite cafe or coffee shop.

The Impact Of Modern Technology On Our Lives - 1025 Words

Modern technology plays an important role in our lives like for work, school, and even play. Technology is used for entertainment, social, chatting, and finding answers. Entertainment consists of movie and T.V. apps, music apps, gaming consoles, and e-books. Entertainment use to be going out to theaters or a concert with friends, going outside to play games and reading a nice book that doesn’t have a battery. Socializing is any social media sites and chatting falls in the line of social medias. Social medias are used to keep up to date on upcoming events, birthdays, and family news. Technology makes it is easy to find answers to homework, personal and health issues. People use to have to go to the library to find answers for homework, finding answers to personal problems is supposed to be up to a counselor and doctors are supposed to diagnose a health problem not some website. Entertainment used to be getting dressed up and going out with friends to watch a new movie or go listen to a new band at a concert. Modern technology makes it easier to stay home in your pajamas to watch new movies or listen to a new band. Children and teenagers use to go outside to play games or go to a laser tag event but now they have gaming consoles to communicate and play with friends with. Now they are coming up with exergaming which is a game that peruses physical activity like the Wii gaming console. They say it promotes children to go outside to play but the child still stays inside theShow MoreRelatedModern Information Technology Impacts Our Everyday Lives1308 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Modern Technology on Everyday Lives A Changing World Over the past 20 years, the world as we know has changed drastically. We have moved from a world that was bound by wires and copper cabling to a world that offers any bit of information you want with the touch of a glass screen from a device that fits in your pockets. In this same period of time, shopping used to involve planning a trip to a brick and motor store and hope they had the product you were looking for, and at the priceRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Society1198 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology is used on a daily basis to accomplish specific tasks or interests. Modern technology increases human capabilities and this technology has evolved with years. Technology simplifies life in so many ways and everyone defines technology in their own way. They’re new types of technology on the market, this technology simplifies our daily lives. They’re endless demands as consumers of technology, people use technology to accomplish simple tasks every day. Technologyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s used in business, educationRead MoreModern Technology Is Simply An Advancement Of Old Technology,1231 Words   |  5 PagesModern technology is simply an advancement of old technology, the impact of technology in modern life is unmeasurable, we use technology in different ways and sometimes the way we implement various technologies ends up harming our lives or the society we leave in. What we call modern technology is technically not so new in most cases. For example, mobile phone technology has evolved with years, nowadays we use smartphones which have been an advancement of an ordinary mobile phone. Technology is appliedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Veldt 1249 Words   |  5 PagesWhen talking about the future of technology, one can only imagine what it will be down the road. The future of technology evokes many questions about the preservation of human existence, human advancement, and intelligence. The story of, The Veldt, shows us how modern technology can destroy a family. The story begins with the mother of the family, Lydia. She seems alarmed or confused about something. At first, this might lead you to believe Lydia has true individual characteristics. However, as youRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Modern World1547 Words   |  7 PagesImpact Of Technology In the Modern World Throughout the life, some influences have shaped people the way they live their lives today. Impact of a virtual connection, and go beyond the brain’s ability, is rising in an eyesight bling, which is a cause of socialization— brain’s ability to multitask and their consequences itself. The usage of the internet is creating conflict upon individuals that they have become modern in today’s world. In the essay â€Å"The Limit Of Friendship† by Maria Konnikova, whoRead MoreProgress Of Technology And Regression Of Childhood1221 Words   |  5 PagesProgress Of Technology And Regression Of Childhood â€Å"I fear the day that technology will surpass our human interaction. The world will have a generation of idiots.† (Albert Einstein). As predicted from one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century, Albert Einstein, the Internet has slowly entered our lives and rapidly took control of our minds. With the introduction of technology devices, such as smart phones and tablets, it seems some people have the necessity to spend their entire lives onlineRead More Civilization Essays1024 Words   |  5 Pagesopinion as I believe that today’s technological progress has made our lives more efficient and interesting, and thus more happy. Freud speaks in a time when the progress of technology had not started its rapid acceleration, and so the technology of his day did not have a large positive impact on the whole of society, compared to today’s world. Technology has changed many things in our lives, but has it made our lives any better? Technology does make people happier. Humans always want to upgrade theirRead MoreTechnology s Impact On Society1507 Words   |  7 Pagesalia Monsanto ENC1101-Swirsky Argumentative/Persuasive Essay Technology’s Impact on Society 21ST century technology has indubitably made life more convenient for us. This can be looked at in a positive or in a negative way. Technology has essentially taken over the world. Replacing almost everything in our homes, schools and communities. Modern Technology has brought tons of negative effects on society including depression, lack of social skills, obesity, poor sleep habits, stress, constant distractionsRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Technology1411 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology and its Effects The term technology originated from the Greek word ‘technologia’. Technology refers to the use of machines and various tools that make our daily work lives simpler, easier and organized. The word also refers to the different tools, gadgets, and resources used by humans so as to help them control and adapt to their environment appropriately (Bridgman, 5}. Technology also refers to the knowledge of techniques and processes and is embedded mostly in machines used as factorsRead MoreSociety s Dependence On Technology1244 Words   |  5 Pages11- Period 1 2 October 2015 Society’s Dependency On Technology Today, technology is a ruling factor among our society. Technology is involved in every aspect of our lives. Our dependence on technology has been taken to a whole other level, we are now incredibly dependent on technology. We may be too dependent on technology, but our dependence does not necessarily impact us in negative ways. II. Some say the increasing need for technology, specifically social media, causes social isolation

Consumerism In The 1920s - 1528 Words

The Business Dictionary defines consumerism as the â€Å"continual expansion of one’s wants and needs for goods services† (2016). Despite consumerisms current negative connotation, according to Dictionary.com the term itself originated with a more positive economic connotation in the early 1940s on the basis that consumerism inspired growth (2016). This concept of continual desire for the â€Å"latest and greatest† first became popular in the 1920s. Americans were tired of the strict rationing of World War I and were ready to begin spending money again. As production rose in efficiency and capacity, thanks to improvements made during the war, there was plenty to be sold. â€Å"By the 1920s, America was a society in which many men and women could afford†¦show more content†¦Debt became standard across the country. Beder explains that mortgages and credit were so common that â€Å"over half the furniture, cars, and household appliances†¦ were bought using hire purchase,† this debt was taken on to help Americans maintain or increase their status within their society (230). As a result, anyone could purchase anything and everything on credit in the 1920s, eventually leading to a catastrophic failure of the economy, known as the Great Depression. The rise in advertisement played a key role in the rise of consumption. Thanks to well-developed advertisement campaigns, America redefined what a necessity is. Advertisers encouraged Americans to actively work towards maintaining a high social standing. â€Å"Advertisers made no secret of their intention to promote novelty for its own sake, in the hope that consumers would exchange perfectly serviceable goods for goods that conformed to the latest fashions† (Lasch, 2000). Consumers devoured this advertisement scheme and began to rapidly increase their spending. Many advertisements for common, household products made claim that they could make the normal appear comparable to the high end. For example, Lux, a soap company, ran an ad in 1920 that depicted two women talking - one of the women complemented on the other on the quantity of sweaters she owned, only to find out that it is not a new sweater, but rather her old sweater that Lux soap made it look brand new (Lux)! Men and women alike began to believeShow MoreRelatedUrban Industrial Consumerism Between 1920 And 19291710 Words   |  7 Pages[introduction]Urban industrial consumerism between 1920 and 1929 collapsed in the Great Depression, but created a framework for a Consumer Recovery between 1941 and 1961. In the early twentieth century the United States began to dominate the world s economy. The US was a wealthy industrial nation, rich in many natural resources such as coal, wood, iron, and oil, and was able to maintain strong industries just as railway, mining, and manufacturing. Events like World War I (1914-1918), devastatingRead MoreUrban Industrial Consumerism Between 1920 And 19291443 Words   |  6 PagesUrban industrial consumerism between 1920 and 1929 collapsed in the Great Depression, but created a framework for a Consumer Recovery between 1941 and 1961. In the early twentieth century United States began to dominate the world s economy. Wealthy industrial nation, rich in many natural resources such as coal, wood, iron, and oil, was able to maintain strong industries just as railway, mining, and manufacturing. Events like World War I, devastating for the most of European countries, helped toRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between The 1920s And 1950s908 Words   |  4 PagesThe 1920’s were a very important era in America for better or worse. There were many issues in relation to race and how people of different ethnic groups were treated. African American had a cultural rejuvenation that being the Harlem Renaissance. The advent of the Ford Model T change the way how people traveled. Many may say an era like the 1950’s were highly comparable. Race related issues were on a decline as America as whole sought to be more accepting and the oppressed started to speak out onRead MoreThe Absolute Value Of America1555 Words   |  7 Pagespowers America. From the 1920s to the present day America has been driven by consumerism. Consumerism- in its simplest form- is defined as the buying and selling of products. When tracing the evolution of consumerism in America, one must explore many factors that led up to today’s consumerist culture; the economic ups and downs of the 1920s through the 1950s, the anti-consumerist movement in the 1960s, and people’s obsession with material items in modern society. The 1920s, also known as the â€Å"RoaringRead MoreThe Evils of Consumerism Essay1114 Words   |  5 PagesIn the 1920s, the United States enjoyed a great economic growth, which enabled millions of Americans to spend larger amounts of money. Recently invented items, such as cars, also contributed to this dramatic rise of consumerism that occurred during this period. Advertising campaigns helped to fuel the demand for the newly invented items. However, many economists believe that this over indulgence and over spending were harbingers to the Great Depression of the 1930s. The consumerism in the 1920sRead MoreThe American Dream ( The Great Gatsby )1173 Words   |  5 PagesANSWERS TO THE QUIZ BEFORE STARTING SEMINAR *TURNS ON POWERPOINT TO THE TITLE Now everyone I want you to close your eyes and imagine what you think living in the 1920s would be like. *GOES ONTO THE NEXT SLIDE TO THE SOCIETY IN THE 1920s Now everyone open your eyes. What do you see here? *POINTS TO PICTURE LIVING IN THE ACTUAL 1920S. Now what do you see here? *NEXT SLIDE. *POINTS TO PICTURE LIVING IN THE AMERICAN DREAM (THE GREAT GATSBY). Did anyone notice anything that caused a change in societyRead MoreAmerican Dream In The Great Gatsby Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesFitzgerald’s America is an accurate depiction to 1920s American Dream *HANDS OUT ANSWERS TO THE QUIZ BEFORE STARTING SEMINAR *TURNS ON POWERPOINT TO THE TITLE Now everyone I want you to close your eyes and imagine what you think living in the 1920s would be like. *GOES ONTO THE NEXT SLIDE TO THE SOCIETY IN THE 1920s Now everyone open your eyes. What do you see here? *POINTS TO PICTURE LIVING IN THE ACTUAL 1920S. Now what do you see here? *NEXT SLIDE. *POINTS TO PICTURE LIVING IN THE AMERICANRead MoreThe Great Gatsby1327 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby is too concerned with conveying a picture of 1920s American society to have relevance to modern readers. From what you have read of the novel so far and using relevant contextual information, give your response to the above view. The USA in the 1920s is remembered as the ‘Roaring Twenties’, an age of new life, of hedonism and opportunity following the horrors the Great War. The decade is synonymous with wealth, materialism and unprecedented freedom. F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1210 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidered the 1920s as a transitional period that shifted Americans society from traditional values to a new era of modernization. During this time, the economy boomed, which made the 1920s one of the most prosperous era in the U.S. The Roaring twenties was associate as the era of consumerism, the prohibition and the disillusionment with the American dream. Many historians and Literature scholars recognized F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, as the iconic book of the 1920s. In the novelRead MoreHannah Hoch and James Rosenquist --Insiders and Outsiders of Consumerism and Gender 1551 Words   |  7 Pagesaccordingly the availability of consumer goods. And w ith the rise of the mass media, various products have been targeted on broad groups of consumers. Consumerism, which is propelled by a system of mass production and high levels of consumption, has been one of the themes in art works from twentieth century till now. In regard to consumerism and gender, I find two figures—Hannah Hoch and James Rosenquist--connected. Hoch once worked for a womens magazine of the huge Ullstein Press while Rosenquist

The Criticism of Jean Piagets Theories. free essay sample

The Criticism of Jean Piagets theories. While conducting intelligence tests on children, Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget began to investigate how children think. According to Piaget, childrens thought processes change as they mature physically and interact with the world around them. Piaget believed children develop schema, or mental models, to represent the world. As children learn, they expand and modify their schema through the processes of assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation is the broadening of an existing schema to include new information. Accommodation is the modification of a schema as new information is incorporated. Criticism of the sensory motor Stage While most develop mentalists accept Piagets outline of cognitive growth in infants, there are questions about his measures of assessing their development. It is agreed that object permanence is developed as the child develops an understanding of the permanence of objects, and that uncovering a hidden toy is a demonstration of this, but it is felt that Piaget did not take into account the need for motivation in order for hildren to search, or the fact that very young infants may not have the knowledge of how to search. We will write a custom essay sample on The Criticism of Jean Piagets Theories. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Kagans theory of object permanence is that 9 month old infants show an ability to search for hidden objects because they have had a growth in memory capacity, rather than because they have a new cognitive structure as stated by Piaget (Kagan, cited in Berger,1988). Other develop mentalists claim that Piagets description of sensor motor intelligence overemphasizes the motor aspects of cognitive development to the detriment of the sensory aspects. Piaget believed children showed intellectual development through their actions, but perception researchers believe that infants know more than they can physically demonstrate with limited motor actions. They have found that newborn infants try to look for sounds, grasp objects and respond to human faces, and believe that perceptual learning occurs, particularly aural, before birth. It is now accepted that Piaget may have underestimated early perceptual abilities and cognitive development during the first six months of life (Beger, 1988). Criticism of Preoperational Stage It is believed by develop mentalists that the three mountain task that Piaget asked three year old children to solve was too complex to test childrens ability to see someone elses perspective. It is now believed that young children can see someone elses point of view in a simple way. Similarly, the conservation tests may also have been too complex, and further research has indicated that if a conservation task was presented in a simplified, fun manner, children were able to understand the concept of it much more easily. Piaget was correct in that, while children are capable for howing some understanding of these concepts, it does take maturity and experience Criticism of Concrete Operational Stage It is felt that Piaget spent too much time explaining the typical child, and did not take into account the individual differences of children, or the differences caused by heredity, culture and education. It is felt that he put too much emphasis on the individuals internal search for knowledge, and not enough on external motivation and teachings (Berger, 1988). Piaget did little research on the emotional and personality development of children and possibly would have been more accurate to iew cognitive development as a gradual and continuous rather than having definite demarcation stages. Piagets information processing approach provides a good way of assessing intelligence and gathering information about memory development and other cognitive processes, but does not take into account the importance of creativity and social interaction (Paplia, Olds, and Feldman, 1998) Criticism of Formal Operation Thought It is believed that Piagets last stage of formal operations is not an accurate description of cognitive development. Nearly a half of adults do not attain the level of ormal operations, and not everyone appears to be capable of abstract reasoning. These people are possibly not cognitively immature, but have different aspects of mature thought not covered by Piaget. Formal logic as defined by Piaget consists of measures such as the pendulum problem and conservation of volume, which indicates that Piaget believes cognition, is bound by mathematics and scientific thinking. However, this form of formal logic is not as important in non-scientific fields such as the arts, history, social understanding and personal Judgment. It also does ot cover other aspects of mature intelligence such as practical problem solving, and acquired wisdom and experience (Paplia, Olds, and Feldman, 1998). Piagets description of overall cognitive events indicates that once a new stage of cognition has been achieved, individuals will reflect it in all areas of their lives. However, it has been shown that cognitive development may occur in some areas of thinking and not in others. A more accepted view of cognition development is that it is an uneven process, with children arriving at each new stage piece by piece as each new skill and ehavior is acquired (Berger, 1988).

Education Mathematics for TPACK Framework Teachers- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEducation Mathematics for TPACK Framework Teachers. Answer: Introduction The project objective is to create an understanding of teachers in relation to the illusion of linearity phenomenon. In addition, the study will analyze ways in which teachers TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) can be applied to assist students in overcoming the phenomenon. The description of Van (Wim Van Dooren, 2009)(Dooren, 2003) (Dooren, 2003) in their article originally written in 2003 indicates that by applying proper use of the TPACK framework teachers can change mathematics education whenever the linear thinking process is not applicable. Contextual Background The previous research has indicated that extensive attention spent by students in their proportional reasoning have given them a strong tendency to apply linear or proportional models in all situations. With this the students sometimes try to apply the models in situations where they are not applicable. This is what the phenomena referred to as illusion of linearity. For example, several students undertaking Geometry tend to believe that should the sides of a figure be doubled then the area will also double. In this study the empirical evidence for the phenomenon is expanded to reflect the probabilistic reasoning domain. The first step will be to highlight the notion of chance and give some justifications for expecting the overgeneralization in the probability domain. Thereafter, we will describe several well-known as well as less popular probabilistic misconceptions. This will prove that they all have a single remarkable common feature. That is, they all can be interpreted in terms. A teacher can apply the use of visual representation of the given geometric figure as a technique to overcome the challenge of illusion of linearity. To do this the teacher needs to have a prominent level of TRACK prior to the lesson. This concept indicates that the teachers integration skills result from mastering the pedagogical, content as well as technological knowledge. The above three elements normally do integrate to give several types of ICT integration: technological content knowledge, TPACK, pedagogical content knowledge and finally technological content knowledge. The teachers educators have enthusiastically accepted the notion of teachers ICT knowledge. This is because it possesses the ability to generate theoretical underpinning needed to define the competency of teachers in ICT integration. TPACK knowledge can be applied in two aspects. One is for teachers to avoid the creation of the above phenomenon and two to solve the illusion successfully in case it occurs. Research questions Against this backdrop, the thesis is designed to examine childrens misconceptions when it comes to applications of linear thinking in their daily analysis of situations. Moreover, it tries to evaluate ways through which the phenomenon can be overcome using TPACK. The educators preparation to assist in the situation will also be highlighted. The questions below have been formulated to guide the research in attaining the intended objectives. How do teachers working with the younger children negotiate this misconception? How can young children be taught to enable them to deviate from this misconceptions in advance? What are the avenues for teachers to improve their teaching without relying on the use of technology? What is the impact of introducing the technology on teachers in countering the misconceptions? How does the effect of illusion of linearity relate to class and gender? Where and in what ways do teachers perform agency? Is TPACK knowledge among the practitioners the source of the contributors of the problem? How effective will the test group be when compared to the traditional way of teaching group? What are the aspects of TPACK that teachers need to possess to teach geometrical figures in ways that can contribute to overcoming the misconceptions? The project will be conducted within the theoretical framework in a way that the child social relations cater for the Van Wims theory (De Bock, Educational Studies in Mathematics, 2002). The students who grow applying the proportional linear expertise and are increasingly familiar with linear models may experience a significant disadvantage. The linearity illusion is a such a strong urge when it comes to relations in a way that the children easily yield to the desire to treat numerical relations in a way as if they were linear. Therefore, to deal with the illusion of linearity they suggested that practitioners should apply technology to represent geometrical figures visually. Teachers need to possess advanced knowledge of TPACK. The notion of using expert teachers as a source of knowledge was initiated by Shulman in 1986. He termed it pedagogical content knowledge and further stated that it could be differentiated from the practitioners pedagogical and content knowledge. The idea was furthered by Koehler and Mishra by adding technological skills to the already established pedagogical as well as content knowledge (Koehler, 2009). They suggested that TPACK is applicable in a comparable manner to represent the unique expertise in technology integration by the teachers. This resembles how the two made intelligent pedagogical applications of technology. In (Koehler, 2007) TPACK was originally named TPCK a term later altered to TPACK to make pronunciation easier. This also clearly emphasized on the integrated application of technology, pedagogy as well as content knowledge in the efficient technology integration (Thompson and Mishra,2007). Analysis The data analysis will be controlled by the nature of data to an extent. There will be two groups tested to test the theory. One group will be composed of a group of students tasked with learning about the volume and area of geometrical figures without applying technology nor the 3D representation of figures. The two groups will all be administered with a pre-test prior to classrooms interventions. Another test will then be taken by the groups after the intervention. The results will be analyzed using the t-test correlation and factor analysis. The focus will be to identify factors that govern all the aspects of geometrical training. The teachers who will be tasked with teaching the test groups will be tested to gauge their knowledge of the TPACK. References De Bock, D. V. (2002). Educational Studies in Mathematics. 50: 311. De Bock, D. V. (2002). Educational Studies in Mathematics . Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021205413749 Dooren, W. D. (2003). Educational Studies in Mathematics . Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025516816886 Koehler, M. J. (2009). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education. 60-70. Leanna M. Archambault, J. H. (n.d.). Revisiting technological pedagogical content knowledge: Exploring the TPACK Framework . Wim Van Dooren, D. D. (2009). Students' Overuse of Proportionality on Missing-Value Problems: How Numbers May Change Solutions. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 187-211.

Cold Mountain Paper Essay Example For Students

Cold Mountain Paper Essay Inman has a negative view of the world around him. He expects for something much better but is disappointed in what he sees. As he looked across the dewy fields to try to appreciate nature, life, his place on Earth he is not given what he longs to see. Instead, as the rays of light reveal the scenery, he sees some asinine snake going from the roadway into the chickweed. This image of a snake could have been a positive image but the words described of the snake (sliding flabby and turdlike) suggests the negative attitude toward it, such that the snake looks like shit. Inman is also not appreciative of the species of trees. Here in the second paragraph they are described as trash trees. The trash trees are described as plared-off and disorganized-tangled. He also does not like the towns-really anything. Inman feels disgusted that he fought so hard as described from the piedmont to the sea to get this trash and lack of beauty. The place is described metaphorically as (foul and sorry had flowed downhill and pooled in the low spots). This adds to Inmans negative view of life. He believes that these places are only bad and have only to present the horrors and pains of life. The birds are also no exception. The cicadas are screaming everywhere. Their shrill, according to Inman, is like many pieces of jagged bone being twisted together. The scream not only affected Inmans wound but it seems to remind him of the war. It can represent those that have died (soldiers) and are nothing but dry bones now. The scream or shrill of the cicadas served as a lasting reminder of the faceless, nameless many lost during the war. Inman himself does not escape his view of life. Inman is not perfect as he desires the world around him to be and his wound at his neck is a direct example of that. Inman notices that the wound at his neck throbbed with the screams of the cicadas. This unified pulse of the bird shrills and his wounds imply that Inman himself is foul. Inman is part of the terrible, horrible, foul and sorry parts of life. Inman has done his own personal part of causing death and pain and the unified pulses and shrills remind him. As much as Inman wants to escape and see beauty of nature and life, he cannot. To some other person, the scene of him walking on the open road might have not been that bad. The excerpt says that at another time Inmans presence might have suggested freedom of a wandering man doing as he wished. The man is surrounded by the fruits of nature; red maples off to a side and other elements. The sunlight (golden) added to this seemingly picturesque scene. But to Inman, it was all different. It was the total opposite. Inman seems to be fed up with nature and does not yearn for the things that he used to read in that book he carries. The book describing the geography, species of plants, landmarks, and other things. Inman has suffered from too many wet and miserable nights and thus he has lost his appreciation. He virtually feels like the worst person on Earth when it is said Inman felt like Gods most marauded bantling. All these negative images and internal feelings of Inman seem to convey and foreshadow that more pain has yet to come. But along with these pains comes Inmans impatience. In the line that says A miry slough indeed, and he could take little more of it shows Inmans impatience for the war, land and life. If things continue as presently, Inman will break out from frustation. .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076 , .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076 .postImageUrl , .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076 , .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076:hover , .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076:visited , .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076:active { border:0!important; } .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076:active , .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076 .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubad4d0ea3890ebce8e2de74b674a0076:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Describe the challenges that Human Resource Manage EssayThe screeching cicadas can also represent a warning of danger that has yet to come. Birds are commonly used to foreshadow danger. But the theme of birds is common. They seem to affect Inman in many ways. He wishes to fly away as a bird (fly away from the war) and yet there are so many signs of birds along his journey home.

See What IM Saying free essay sample

An example is when a deaf man was looking for apartments in his price range he had to use this video chat and the landlord just hung up on him when the interrupter asked the landlord if they have used one of these video chats. I could not believe it the landlord just hung up. Another example, it is hard enough for hearing people to make it in the acting world, so it must be even hard for deaf people and an African American deaf person too and Robert’s interview about his last interactions with his mom using an interpreter. There were tons of key moments that impacted me and once that just did not make a big dent. I already listed a few moments that had a negative effect on me. The International Sign Language Theatre Festival towards the end of the film was amazing. I wish I could have gone, there were different acts from around the world, different types of acts, and a great thought. We will write a custom essay sample on See What IM Saying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was interesting to the different types of sign language across the world. It is similar to speaking, for example, certain countries have different type of language and that is the same with signing. Its inspirational characters and messages really made me think deeper into deaf culture. I wanted to learn more about deaf culture and more signing than just American Sign Language. The four many characters all touched my heart in different ways. Robert, the actor, no matter what challenges he faced he was still optimistic. TL, the singer, is a hard of hearing she struggles to be accepted by the deaf community since she is not a native sign language user and â€Å"passes† in the hearing world. She still continues to work hard and produce an album. Bob, the drummer, decides to follow his life’s passion, while in his late years. CJ, the actor/comedian, struggles to gain access in mainstream media. Even though he has been turned down my many possible jobs he decides to produce the first International Sign Language Theatre Festival. The drive that all four have is overwhelming to me. I believe the director was trying to â€Å"say† with this film is to get rid of any stereotyping with deaf people and culture. The director let imagery do the talking by showing different aspects of the deaf culture, such as creative, intelligent, and human beings who share the same dreams as everyone else. Another main concept is to hire more deaf actors, because they can act any role. To hire a deaf actor you do not need a storyline based on deaf, just the idea about including a deaf person. One of my favorite funny clips is when an attempting to sign with a deaf and hearing person, about the Beatles and the British Invasion ends up translating as â€Å"roach infestation†. I plan to tell all of my friends about this movie.